Still life with chrysanthemums, bellflowers, cornflowers and daisies in a white vase

A versatile figure in early 20th-century Russian art, this painter, graphic artist, and illustrator bridged the gap between Symbolism and the avant-garde. His work often carried a sharp satirical edge, particularly in his political caricatures during the revolutionary period, where he skewered both the old regime and the excesses of the new order. Though less celebrated than contemporaries like Malevich or Kandinsky, his contributions to book design and propaganda posters were unmistakable, blending Art Nouveau flourishes with a modernist economy of line. Portraiture was another strength—lyrical yet incisive, capturing the intellectual ferment of his circle. His depictions of writers and actors avoided flattery, favoring psychological depth over grandeur. Later, as artistic winds shifted toward Socialist Realism, his style adapted without losing its distinctive wit. The tension between individual expression and state-mandated aesthetics runs quietly through his later work. Despite political upheavals, he maintained a thread of humanism, whether in a delicate watercolor or a biting lithograph. His legacy endures in the quiet resilience of his line, always probing, never dogmatic.